Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua; Oguntuase Musa; Stephen Joseph Temitope

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Oguntuase Musa, Stephen Joseph Temitope

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 9 April 2022 Accepted: 23 April 2022 Published: 7 May 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agro- waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material engineering. This aimed at producing engineering materials with improved properties without additional cost of techniques such as annealing and normalising. In this study, aluminium scraps from automobile parts (secondary aluminium) were used as principal material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (ago-wastes) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to produce an aluminium based composite. Hardness and impact strength of the aluminium alloy reinforced cow horn particulate (CHp) were studied. The results showed that the produced composite exhibits superior hardness value compared to the alloy metal. The hardness increases from 87.7 BHN to 101.4 BHN, 132.4 BHN, 134.4 BHN and 143 BHN with addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy matrix, respectively. However, the composite displayed lower impact strength than the aluminium alloy and the strength reduces as the weight percentage of CHp in the composite increases. Addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy reduced the impact value from 49.4 J to 36.76 J, 35.05 J, 33.68 J and 28.53, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reinforced aluminium alloy revealed the presence of CHp without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds, good bonding between CHp and aluminium alloy, and absence of agglomeration of CHp in the aluminium alloy matrix.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aluminium Alloy, Cow Horn Particles, Hardness, Impact Strength, X-Ray Diffraction

References

[1]	Davis, J. R., Aluminum and aluminum alloys. 1993: ASM international.
[2]	Callister Jr, W. D. and D. G. Rethwisch, Fundamentals of materials science and engineering: an integrated approach. 2020: John Wiley & Sons.
[3]	Das, S., Development of aluminium alloy composites for engineering applications. Trans. Indian Inst. Met, 2004. 57 (4): p. 325-334.
[4]	Muni, R. N., J. Singh, V. Kumar, and S. Sharma, Influence of rice husk ash, Cu, Mg on the mechanical behaviour of aluminium matrix hybrid composites. Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2019. 14: p. 1828-1834.
[5]	Callister, W. D. and D. G. Rethwisch, Materials science and engineering: an introduction. Vol. 9. 2018: Wiley New York.
[6]	Saravanan, S. and M. Senthilkumar, Mechanical behavior of aluminum (AlSi₁₀Mg)-RHA composite. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014. 5 (6): p. 4834-4840.
[7]	Prasad, T., M. Reddy, and P. Rao, Study on Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash Reinforcement in Aluminium (Al 6061) Metal Matrix Composites. vol, 2018. 5: p. 1111-1116.
[8]	Alaneme, K. K., M. O. Bodunrin, and A. A. Awe, Microstructure, mechanical and fracture properties of groundnut shell ash and silicon carbide dispersion strengthened aluminium matrix composites. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 2018. 30 (1): p. 96-103.
[9]	Atuanya, C. and V. Aigbodion, Evaluation of Al–Cu–Mg alloy/bean pod ash nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding–stir casting method. Journal of alloys and compounds, 2014. 601: p. 251-259.
[10]	Ochieze, B., C. Nwobi-Okoye, and P. Atamuo, Experimental study of the effect of wear parameters on the wear behavior of A356 alloy/cow horn particulate composites. Defence technology, 2018. 14 (1): p. 77-82.
[11]	Nwobi-Okoye, C. C. and B. Q. Ochieze, Age hardening process modeling and optimization of aluminum alloy A356/Cow horn particulate composite for brake drum application using RSM, ANN and simulated annealing. Defence Technology, 2018. 14 (4): p. 336-345.
[12]	Senapati, A. K., V. S. Manas, A. Singh, S. Dash, and P. K. Sahoo, A comparative investigation on physical and mechanical properties of mmc reinforced with waste materials. International journal of research in engineering and Technology, 2016. 5 (3): p. 172-178.
[13]	Long, S., O. Beffort, C. Cayron, and C. Bonjour, Microstructure and mechanical properties of a high volume fraction SiC particle reinforced AlCu₄MgAg squeeze casting. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1999. 269 (1-2): p. 175-185.
[14]	Prasad, D. S. and A. R. Krishna, Production and mechanical properties of A356. 2/RHA composites. International journal of advanced science and technology, 2011. 33 (51-58): p. 2019.
[15]	Prasad, D. S. and A. R. Krishna, Tribological properties of A356. 2/RHA composites. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2012. 28 (4): p. 367-372.
[16]	Ghosh, S., R. Basak, and A. Rao, Study of Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Rice Husk Ash. 2018.
[17]	Asafa, T., M. Durowoju, A. Oyewole, S. Solomon, R. Adegoke, and O. Aremu, Potentials of snailshell as a reinforcement for discarded aluminum based materials. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2015. 84: p. 1-8.
[18]	Hassan, S. and V. Aigbodion, Effects of eggshell on the microstructures and properties of Al–Cu–Mg/eggshell particulate composites. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 2015. 27 (1): p. 49-56.
[19]	Kolawole, M., J. Aweda, S. AbdulKareem, S. Bello, A. Ali, and F. Iqbal, Influence of calcined snail shell particulates on mechanical properties of recycled aluminium alloy for automotive application. Acta Periodica Technologica, 2020 (51): p. 163-180.
[20]	Jannet, S., R. Raja, S. R. Ruban, S. Khosla, U. Sasikumar, N. B. Sai, and P. M. Teja, Effect of egg shell powder on the mechanical and microstructure properties of AA 2024 metal matrix composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021. 44: p. 135-140.
[21]	Awad, A. Y., M. N. Ibrahim, and M. K. Hussein, Effects of Rice Husk Ash–Magnesium Oxide Addition on Wear Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Matrix Hybrid Composites. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2018. 25 (4): p. 16-23.
[22]	Kumar, A. and R. Swamy, Evaluation of mechanical properties of Al6061, fly ash and e-glass fiber reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites. ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2011. 6 (5): p. 40-44.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Oguntuase Musa, Stephen Joseph Temitope. (2022). Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua; Oguntuase Musa; Stephen Joseph Temitope. Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2022, 7(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Oguntuase Musa, Stephen Joseph Temitope. Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2022;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11,
  author = {Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua and Oguntuase Musa and Stephen Joseph Temitope},
  title = {Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  abstract = {Development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agro- waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material engineering. This aimed at producing engineering materials with improved properties without additional cost of techniques such as annealing and normalising. In this study, aluminium scraps from automobile parts (secondary aluminium) were used as principal material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (ago-wastes) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to produce an aluminium based composite. Hardness and impact strength of the aluminium alloy reinforced cow horn particulate (CHp) were studied. The results showed that the produced composite exhibits superior hardness value compared to the alloy metal. The hardness increases from 87.7 BHN to 101.4 BHN, 132.4 BHN, 134.4 BHN and 143 BHN with addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy matrix, respectively. However, the composite displayed lower impact strength than the aluminium alloy and the strength reduces as the weight percentage of CHp in the composite increases. Addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy reduced the impact value from 49.4 J to 36.76 J, 35.05 J, 33.68 J and 28.53, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reinforced aluminium alloy revealed the presence of CHp without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds, good bonding between CHp and aluminium alloy, and absence of agglomeration of CHp in the aluminium alloy matrix.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy
AU  - Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua
AU  - Oguntuase Musa
AU  - Stephen Joseph Temitope
Y1  - 2022/05/07
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
AB  - Development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agro- waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material engineering. This aimed at producing engineering materials with improved properties without additional cost of techniques such as annealing and normalising. In this study, aluminium scraps from automobile parts (secondary aluminium) were used as principal material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (ago-wastes) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to produce an aluminium based composite. Hardness and impact strength of the aluminium alloy reinforced cow horn particulate (CHp) were studied. The results showed that the produced composite exhibits superior hardness value compared to the alloy metal. The hardness increases from 87.7 BHN to 101.4 BHN, 132.4 BHN, 134.4 BHN and 143 BHN with addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy matrix, respectively. However, the composite displayed lower impact strength than the aluminium alloy and the strength reduces as the weight percentage of CHp in the composite increases. Addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy reduced the impact value from 49.4 J to 36.76 J, 35.05 J, 33.68 J and 28.53, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reinforced aluminium alloy revealed the presence of CHp without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds, good bonding between CHp and aluminium alloy, and absence of agglomeration of CHp in the aluminium alloy matrix.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Oguntuase Musa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Stephen Joseph Temitope

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Oguntuase Musa, Stephen Joseph Temitope. (2022). Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua; Oguntuase Musa; Stephen Joseph Temitope. Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2022, 7(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua, Oguntuase Musa, Stephen Joseph Temitope. Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2022;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11,
  author = {Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua and Oguntuase Musa and Stephen Joseph Temitope},
  title = {Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20220701.11},
  abstract = {Development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agro- waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material engineering. This aimed at producing engineering materials with improved properties without additional cost of techniques such as annealing and normalising. In this study, aluminium scraps from automobile parts (secondary aluminium) were used as principal material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (ago-wastes) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to produce an aluminium based composite. Hardness and impact strength of the aluminium alloy reinforced cow horn particulate (CHp) were studied. The results showed that the produced composite exhibits superior hardness value compared to the alloy metal. The hardness increases from 87.7 BHN to 101.4 BHN, 132.4 BHN, 134.4 BHN and 143 BHN with addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy matrix, respectively. However, the composite displayed lower impact strength than the aluminium alloy and the strength reduces as the weight percentage of CHp in the composite increases. Addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy reduced the impact value from 49.4 J to 36.76 J, 35.05 J, 33.68 J and 28.53, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reinforced aluminium alloy revealed the presence of CHp without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds, good bonding between CHp and aluminium alloy, and absence of agglomeration of CHp in the aluminium alloy matrix.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Cow Horn Particles on the Hardness and Impact Properties of the Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Alloy
AU  - Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua
AU  - Oguntuase Musa
AU  - Stephen Joseph Temitope
Y1  - 2022/05/07
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20220701.11
AB  - Development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agro- waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material engineering. This aimed at producing engineering materials with improved properties without additional cost of techniques such as annealing and normalising. In this study, aluminium scraps from automobile parts (secondary aluminium) were used as principal material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (ago-wastes) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to produce an aluminium based composite. Hardness and impact strength of the aluminium alloy reinforced cow horn particulate (CHp) were studied. The results showed that the produced composite exhibits superior hardness value compared to the alloy metal. The hardness increases from 87.7 BHN to 101.4 BHN, 132.4 BHN, 134.4 BHN and 143 BHN with addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy matrix, respectively. However, the composite displayed lower impact strength than the aluminium alloy and the strength reduces as the weight percentage of CHp in the composite increases. Addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, weight of CHp into the aluminium alloy reduced the impact value from 49.4 J to 36.76 J, 35.05 J, 33.68 J and 28.53, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the reinforced aluminium alloy revealed the presence of CHp without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds, good bonding between CHp and aluminium alloy, and absence of agglomeration of CHp in the aluminium alloy matrix.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download