Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder; Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 18 July 2023 Accepted: 14 August 2023 Published: 12 October 2023

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Abstract

The vehicles are used such as cars, passenger buses, trucks and heavy vehicles. The drag reduction is directly effect on the fuel saving as well as the efficiency of the vehicle. Due to higher prices, limited supply and negative impacts on the environment by fossil fuel, automobile industries have directed their concentrations in reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles to achieve the lower aerodynamic drag. As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for getting the optimum aerodynamic designs with lower drag and decreases fuel consumption. Hence, for the analysis, a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis has been done using ANSYS^R19.0 workbench. Three demo base models are considered for the analysis namely model-1 made of a plastic body, model-2 made of metal body and model-3 of BD bus that runs on the Bangladeshi roads. Some extensive modifications are done in the bus body such as the front and rear side area which helps to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the bus. The analyses for the drag forces and drag coefficient have been done for model-1, 2 & 3 as well as for their respective modified models. For base model-1, the drag force is reduced as 0.027 N, the drag coeffic1qient, Cd is reduced as 0.30. For base model-2, the drag force is reduced as 0.062 N, the drag coefficient, Cd is reduced as 0.37. On the other hand, the CFD values at a velocity of 110 km/h for base model-3 the drag forces are reduced for base model modified-1, base model modified-2 as 1987.20 N, and 2499.80 N, respectively. The drag coefficients, Cd is reduced for base model modified-1 and base model modified-2 as 0.16, 0.26, respectively.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11
Page(s)	90-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aerodynamics Drag Reduction, Drag Force, Drag Co-efficient, Fuel Saving, CFD, ANSYS

References

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[2]	R. Brown, Analysis of Drag Reduction using Aerodynamic Devices on Commercial Buses by Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation, Alfred Newyork, 2015.
[3]	J. Godwin John, A. Muthuvel, N. Prakash, Numerical Analysis for Drag Reduction in Commercial Buses, IOSR-JMCE, PP-01-05, 2014.
[4]	Cihan Bayındırlı, Mehmet Çelik, The Experimentally and Numerically Determination of The Drag Coefficient of a Bus Model, S, IJAET 7 (3), 117-123, 2018.
[5]	E. A. Mohamed, M. N. Radhwi, A. F. A. Gawad, Computational investigation of aerodynamic characteristics and drag reduction of a bus model, Vol. 2 (1-1): pp. 64-73, 2015.
[6]	F. Browand, Reducing Aerodynamic Drag and Fuel Consumption, Global Climate and Energy Project Workshop on Advanced Transportation October 10-11, 2005.
[7]	S. Roy, and P. Srinivasan,”External Flow Analysis of a Bus for Drag Reduction’’, International Bus and Bus Meeting & Exposition, Paper, 2000.
[8]	Carr. G. W., “The aerodynamics of basic shapes of road vehicles, part 1, Simple rectangular bodies”, MIRA report No. 1982/2.
[9]	A. A. Abdel Aziz, and A. F. Abdel Gawad, “Aerodynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics around Vehicles with Different Front Shapes in Driving Tunnels,” Proceedings of Eighth International Congress of Fluid Dynamics & Propulsion (ICFDP 8), December 14-17, 2006.
[10]	A. Muthuvel, M. K. Murthi, Sachin. N. P, Vinay. M. Koshy, S. Sakthi, E. Selvakumar, Aerodynamic Exterior Body Design of Bus, IJSER, Volume 4, Issue 7, 2013.
[11]	Chowdhury, H. Moria, H. Abdulkadir, A. Khan I. Alam, F. and Watkins, S, A Study on aerodynamic drag of a semi-trailer truck. Procedia Engineering, 56, 201–205, 2013.
[12]	M. M. Yelmule and S. R. Kale, A erodynamics of a Bus with Open Windows, Int. J. Heavy Vehicle Systems, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2009.
[13]	Patil, C. N. Shashishekar, K. S. Balasubramanian, A. K. Subbaramaiah, S. V, Aerodynamic Study and drag coefficient optimization of passenger vehicle. IJERT, Vol 1 (7-8), 2012.
[14]	H. Shiri, Aerodynamic Analysis of Drag Reduction Devices on the Simplified Body for Tractor and Bus by Using CFD, 2016.
[15]	Optimum Aerodynamic Design of a High-speed China Sunlong Bus for fuel saved and carbon Dioxide reduction. Journal Paper for Automotive Engineering Vehicle Body Design and Aerodynamics. Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Adama Science and Technology University. 2016.

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APA Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. (2023). Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 8(4), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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ACS Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder; Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2023, 8(4), 90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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AMA Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2023;8(4):90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11,
  author = {Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder and Mohammad Zoynal Abedin},
  title = {Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  abstract = {The vehicles are used such as cars, passenger buses, trucks and heavy vehicles. The drag reduction is directly effect on the fuel saving as well as the efficiency of the vehicle. Due to higher prices, limited supply and negative impacts on the environment by fossil fuel, automobile industries have directed their concentrations in reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles to achieve the lower aerodynamic drag. As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for getting the optimum aerodynamic designs with lower drag and decreases fuel consumption. Hence, for the analysis, a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis has been done using ANSYSR19.0 workbench. Three demo base models are considered for the analysis namely model-1 made of a plastic body, model-2 made of metal body and model-3 of BD bus that runs on the Bangladeshi roads. Some extensive modifications are done in the bus body such as the front and rear side area which helps to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the bus. The analyses for the drag forces and drag coefficient have been done for model-1, 2 & 3 as well as for their respective modified models. For base model-1, the drag force is reduced as 0.027 N, the drag coeffic1qient, Cd is reduced as 0.30. For base model-2, the drag force is reduced as 0.062 N, the drag coefficient, Cd is reduced as 0.37. On the other hand, the CFD values at a velocity of 110 km/h for base model-3 the drag forces are reduced for base model modified-1, base model modified-2 as 1987.20 N, and 2499.80 N, respectively. The drag coefficients, Cd is reduced for base model modified-1 and base model modified-2 as 0.16, 0.26, respectively.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus
AU - Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder
AU - Mohammad Zoynal Abedin
Y1 - 2023/10/12
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11
T2 - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP - 90
EP - 98
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-6060
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11
AB - The vehicles are used such as cars, passenger buses, trucks and heavy vehicles. The drag reduction is directly effect on the fuel saving as well as the efficiency of the vehicle. Due to higher prices, limited supply and negative impacts on the environment by fossil fuel, automobile industries have directed their concentrations in reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles to achieve the lower aerodynamic drag. As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for getting the optimum aerodynamic designs with lower drag and decreases fuel consumption. Hence, for the analysis, a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis has been done using ANSYSR19.0 workbench. Three demo base models are considered for the analysis namely model-1 made of a plastic body, model-2 made of metal body and model-3 of BD bus that runs on the Bangladeshi roads. Some extensive modifications are done in the bus body such as the front and rear side area which helps to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the bus. The analyses for the drag forces and drag coefficient have been done for model-1, 2 & 3 as well as for their respective modified models. For base model-1, the drag force is reduced as 0.027 N, the drag coeffic1qient, Cd is reduced as 0.30. For base model-2, the drag force is reduced as 0.062 N, the drag coefficient, Cd is reduced as 0.37. On the other hand, the CFD values at a velocity of 110 km/h for base model-3 the drag forces are reduced for base model modified-1, base model modified-2 as 1987.20 N, and 2499.80 N, respectively. The drag coefficients, Cd is reduced for base model modified-1 and base model modified-2 as 0.16, 0.26, respectively.
VL - 8
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. (2023). Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 8(4), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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ACS Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder; Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2023, 8(4), 90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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AMA Style

Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2023;8(4):90-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11,
  author = {Md. Rezaul Karim Sikder and Mohammad Zoynal Abedin},
  title = {Numerical Analysis of Drag Reduction Using Aerodynamic Designs in a Passenger Bus},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20230804.11},
  abstract = {The vehicles are used such as cars, passenger buses, trucks and heavy vehicles. The drag reduction is directly effect on the fuel saving as well as the efficiency of the vehicle. Due to higher prices, limited supply and negative impacts on the environment by fossil fuel, automobile industries have directed their concentrations in reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles to achieve the lower aerodynamic drag. As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for getting the optimum aerodynamic designs with lower drag and decreases fuel consumption. Hence, for the analysis, a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis has been done using ANSYSR19.0 workbench. Three demo base models are considered for the analysis namely model-1 made of a plastic body, model-2 made of metal body and model-3 of BD bus that runs on the Bangladeshi roads. Some extensive modifications are done in the bus body such as the front and rear side area which helps to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the bus. The analyses for the drag forces and drag coefficient have been done for model-1, 2 & 3 as well as for their respective modified models. For base model-1, the drag force is reduced as 0.027 N, the drag coeffic1qient, Cd is reduced as 0.30. For base model-2, the drag force is reduced as 0.062 N, the drag coefficient, Cd is reduced as 0.37. On the other hand, the CFD values at a velocity of 110 km/h for base model-3 the drag forces are reduced for base model modified-1, base model modified-2 as 1987.20 N, and 2499.80 N, respectively. The drag coefficients, Cd is reduced for base model modified-1 and base model modified-2 as 0.16, 0.26, respectively.},
 year = {2023}
}

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