Soil Structure Interaction Using Silt Clay by Direct Shear Test: A Review Paper
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
34-38
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
10 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Direct shear test is a type of laboratory test which is used to determine shear strength parameters such as cohesion c (kPa) and angle of internal friction φ (°). For performing this test various conditions should be considered. The conditions are such that there must have constant vertical pressure at the top of the sample and the volume of the sample must be constant to estimate shear strength parameters of loose and dense soils. A constant horizontal displacement rate is utilized to determine shear strength parameters. The researchers also found some factors which control these shear strength parameters. These controlling factors are surface roughness, soil composition, the magnitude of normal loading, and moisture content. In the direct shear test, the surface thickness of the sample influences shear strength parameters. The researchers have given a different report based on their analysis. They showed the different modes of shear strength parameters in different conditions of sand, clay, soil, etc. for the interaction of soil structure. By mixing geo-membrane, geotextile, etc. with soil, sand, clay greatly affects shear strength parameters. When horizontal displacement is applied, vertical deformation of the shear plane of soil increases up to the yielding point of sand. The direct shear box contains a gap between the upper and lower ring but it is not constant. But, there are some drawbacks to their research. They did not show how shear strength parameters behave in silty clay. In this paper, a relative review of soil-structure interaction using silty clay is shown. In the direct shear test, cohesion is increased due to an increase in moisture content. To determine shear strength parameters, the conditions of silty clay are unsaturated. For this investigation, a shear box is used. Different loading is applied to see the deflection in a specific time interval.
Abstract: Direct shear test is a type of laboratory test which is used to determine shear strength parameters such as cohesion c (kPa) and angle of internal friction φ (°). For performing this test various conditions should be considered. The conditions are such that there must have constant vertical pressure at the top of the sample and the volume of the sa...
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Issue of COVID-19 in Air Transport Industry
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
39-42
Received:
30 June 2021
Accepted:
3 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the global air transport challenge in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Companies and airlines around the world have had a difficult year. The Coronavirus pandemic and restrictions on people moving between countries and cities have reduced the number of flights to a minimum. In general, aviation creates opportunities for businesses and individuals, and in return can create dangers and threats to society. In particular, the spread of infectious diseases or pandemics –such that aviation can act as a channel of disease transmission- or the effect of aviation on global warming are two clear examples of the negative external effects of the aviation industry on society that need to be addressed. In this regard, the economic performance of the industry is very important. In analyzing the transportation industry, one should pay special attention to possible, reasonable, and desirable scenarios. Hence, protectionist policies, government assistance, and other industrial strategies can be reviewed. The policy review of government actions in the face of the challenges of the aviation industry emphasizes the importance of designing reasonable scenarios for sustainable development and the greater welfare of communities. Eliminating or reducing the prevalence of coronavirus and lifting restrictions on a variety of businesses, including airlines, can help improve corporate status. This situation will also enable companies to compensate for past losses in the coming year, in addition to improving services.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the global air transport challenge in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Companies and airlines around the world have had a difficult year. The Coronavirus pandemic and restrictions on people moving between countries and cities have reduced the number of flights to a minimum. In general, aviation creates opportuni...
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