Research Article
Disruptive Product Innovations: A New Definition and Seven Theses
Frank Koppenhagen*,
Christoph Hubert Wecht,
Tobias Held
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
19-27
Received:
5 February 2024
Accepted:
21 February 2024
Published:
7 March 2024
Abstract: The importance of disruptive product innovations is undisputed. However, the understanding of what constitutes a disruptive innovation varies widely in academic discourse. Therefore, this paper begins with a new definition of disruptive product innovation based on the design of the product innovation and its subsequent adoption by competitors. It then presents the results of an ongoing research project that uses a qualitative case study approach to analyze product innovations from the last fifty years that meet this definition. Both the design and the development process of these product innovations have been examined in detail. In particular, the effective principles and structures, geometric layouts and operating concepts used in the product innovations were analyzed, as were the differences to previous products. In addition, changes in the social and technological environment that led to the innovations were examined, as well as the role of new enabling technologies, in particular new materials and production processes. The common patterns across cases identified through the analysis were condensed into seven theses, which are presented in this article, each of them illustrated by using the example of the first iPhone. Said theses reflect the central research findings on (1) "Key usability contradictions as starting points", (2) "User-centeredness", (3) "Co-evolution of problem and solution space", (4) "Technical fixations that create cognitive gravitation", (5) "Facilitation through new technologies and reciprocal enablers", (6) "Higher degree of ideality" and (7) "Shifting tasks in the overarching human-product interaction system to the product". Finally, starting points for further research are formulated.
Abstract: The importance of disruptive product innovations is undisputed. However, the understanding of what constitutes a disruptive innovation varies widely in academic discourse. Therefore, this paper begins with a new definition of disruptive product innovation based on the design of the product innovation and its subsequent adoption by competitors. It t...
Show More
Research Article
Hybrid Position and Force Control for Upper Limb Rehabilitation of Stroke Patient
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
28-42
Received:
21 May 2024
Accepted:
18 June 2024
Published:
2 July 2024
Abstract: This paper presents hybrid position and force control (HPFC) methodology for position and as well as force tracking for upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in humans. Traditional rehabilitative therapies help regain motor function and ameliorate impairment, but they depend on the therapist’s experience and require many therapists, which is cost-prohibitive. Most robotic tasks with high severity such as rehabilitation, demands an effective force as well as position control scheme to ensure the safe physical contact between the robot and its environment in this case the patient. Some rehabilitation robots have been developed to help stroke survivors recover motor function. In past robots used for upper-limb rehabilitation employed general control schemes such as proportional integral derivative. To overcome the problem of force tracking in rehabilitation, robots require modern control techniques. To mimic the human upper-limb, and universality of application, an end-effector based robot is used for this study. To ensure the convergence of position and force errors to zero extensive simulations are performed. Two of assistant modes passive and active assistive rehabilitation are considered. Most common rehabilitation trajectories horizontal reaching, and vertical reaching are selected as robot’s motion for both passive and active assistive activities. The mathematical model of robots’ kinematics, dynamics, alongside the proposed control scheme has been discussed in detail.
Abstract: This paper presents hybrid position and force control (HPFC) methodology for position and as well as force tracking for upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in humans. Traditional rehabilitative therapies help regain motor function and ameliorate impairment, but they depend on the therapist’s experie...
Show More
,
Muhammad Bilal
